Review Sheet for Final Exam, Fall 2016
Colorado State University, Pueblo
Math 156 — Introduction to Statistics
Scope
Remember the final exam is comprehensive, meaning that the material
from all parts of the course will be covered, roughly in proportion to the
course time we spent on it. Therefore it is important to review and be
comfortable with all the material summaries in the review sheets for each of
the course midterms, being Midterm I,
Midterm II, and
Midterm III.
Format and content of the final exam
There will be problems from the material corresponding to each subject we've
covered in the course, of a level of difficulty and wording similar to
the problems which you have done for homework, quizzes, and midterms.
The total points for the final will be more than 200, you can choose which 200
points you want to do out of the available problems; try to do a full 200
points worth, since that is the maximum.
Your best guide to which topics will be covered in the final exam is the three
midterms. If you can do problems like these without hesitation and accurately,
you will do fine on the final exam.
Just to remind you of those topics, they certainly include the following:
- Descriptive statistics, including
- graphing data
- measures of center and spread
- outliers
- working with the Normal distribution
- symmetry
- using the table or calculator
- the 68-95-99.7-rule
- experimental design
- randomness
- bias
- placebos — the placebo effect
- experiment vs observational study
- SRS
- sources of bias (lurking variables)
- experimental ethics
- IRB (FDA, other)
- informed consent
- confidentiality
- "do no harm"
- probability
- sample space, outcome, event
- independent, disjoint
- addition law, multiplication law
- conditional probability
- Venn diagrams
- distribution of an RV
- confidence intervals
- for $\mu$ (with and without known $\sigma$) and $p$
- confidence level -- be able to explain!
- margin of error
- hypothesis tests
- for $\mu$ (with and without known $\sigma$) and $p$
- null and alternative hypotheses
- $p$-value -- be able to explain!
- significance level
- one-tailed and two-tailed tests
- type I and type II error
- bivariate data
- scatterplots
- correlation
- the LSRL
- interpolation/extrapolation
Don't forget your calculator or other favorite electronic device, you
will need it!
You may also bring whatever other materials you like, in any form whatsoever
[except not a live human], to consult during the test.